Our Sun emits shortwave light and ultraviolet energy. When this reaches Earth, clouds reflect it back into space, while Earth’s atmosphere and surface also absorb this energy. In this way Earth maintains a stable climate. Greenhouse gases (such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide), and water vapour, have a direct influence on Earth’s energy balance. A comprehensive spectrum of colours was used to express movement of the atmosphere and water, utilizing multiple layers of oil paint.